Startup Genome

The Startup Genome quantitative data infrastructure includes data on over 3 million companies, 280+ ecosystems, and survey data from more than 10,000 startup executives across the globe.

These are the main datasets that make up this data science infrastructure:

Startup Genome proprietary data:

Interviews with 100+ experts
2017–2022 Startup Ecosystem Survey with more than 10,000 participants per year

Crunchbase: global dataset on funding, exits, and locations of startups and investors
Dealroom: global dataset on funding, exits, and locations of startups and investors
PitchBook: private capital market data provider
Local partners (accelerators, incubators, startup hubs, investors):

list of startups
list of local exits and funding events

CB Insights: global dataset on unicorns

Sub-Sector Definition

Definition: The Blue Economy is the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and job creation while preserving the health of the ocean ecosystem. It is a sector that seeks to promote economic growth, social inclusion, and the preservation of livelihoods while at the same time ensuring environmental sustainability of the oceans and coastal areas.

The following sub-verticals are included in the Blue Economy:

Marine Energy

Marine energy (or ocean energy) encompasses wave, tidal stream, tidal range, ocean thermal, ocean current, run-of-river, and salinity, etc., through which energy can be harnessed from oceans. Oceans are the source of enormous untapped energy that is accessible to most coastal countries.

Fisheries

The farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. Farming implies some sort of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated, the planning, development and operation of aquaculture systems, sites, facilities and practices, and production and transport.

Maritime Transport

Maritime transport refers to a means of transport where goods or people are transported via sea routes. In some cases, maritime transport can encompass pre- and post-shipping activities.

Tourism

Tourism is a growth industry in many coastal communities and is based on the natural and cultural heritage of local communities. There are a number of ocean-based tourism activities, such as sailing, diving, fishing, and whale watching. Growing numbers of tourists are putting greater pressure on the environment, resources, and coastal communities.

Waste Management

Plastic marine litter has the potential to persist in the marine environment for long periods, to travel considerable distances, and to accumulate in habitats far from its point of origin. This makes it a growing transboundary global problem that recognises no national borders and spreads from coasts to open oceans. Companies that develop and scale technologies to get rid of the world’s oceans of plastic fall under this category.

Data Sources

Primary Data Sources

Startup Genome LLC (2017–2022). StartupGenome.com Database
Dealroom.co BV. (2017–2022). Dealroom.co Database
Crunchbase (2017–2022). Crunchbase.com Database
CB Insights (2019–2022). CBInsights.com Database
PitchBook (2018–2022), a private capital market data provider Database

Secondary Data Sources

Shanghai Rankings
USPTO
WIPO
Clarivate

Blue Economy Sub-Sectors Ranking Methodology

Overall Ranking

The overall global ecosystem ranking is a weighted average of the following factor scores:

Performance: 25%
Funding: 20%
Startup Experience: 10%
Knowledge: 20%
Talent: 5%
Focus: 15%
Legacy: 5%

The success factors are weighted by the above percentages to establish the overall rank of each ecosystem.

The weights of the factors were determined from research and experience. This method takes into account what is deemed to be of importance in ecosystem mapping and analysis overall and across all ecosystem sizes. We have used our research in the period 2009–2020 and correlation analysis and modeling work based on linear regression analyses, using factor indexes as independent variables with the performance index as dependent variable.

Adding the actual Performance Index to the ranking formula serves to include the influence of unobserved factors on the performance of an ecosystem.

Ranking Details

Performance

Captures the actual leading, current, and lagging indicators of ecosystem performance.

40% number of $50 million+ exits Apr 1, 2017–Mar 31, 2022
20% number of all exits Apr 1, 2017–Mar 31, 2022
30% log of output (number of startups in the Blue Economy ) Jan 01, 2012–Dec 31, 2021)
10% number of founders with an active role in the Blue Economy

Funding

Quantifies funding metrics important to the success of early-stage startups.

90% log of number of early-stage funding deals Apr 1, 2017–Mar 31, 2022
10% log of number of Series B funding deals Apr 1, 2017–Mar 31, 2022

Knowledge

Quantifies the activity of technology knowledge space by measuring the published innovation.

20% number of patents (log of number of patents related to the sub-sector) Jan 1, 2011–Dec 31, 2020
20% Technology Potential, a measure calculated at the technology class level globally and calculated for each ecosystem based on the technologies it produces Jan 1, 2011–Dec 31, 2020
20% Ecosystem Complexity, a measure of the capacity of the ecosystem for producing patents in complex technology classes, calculated by measuring the diversity and commonness of the published patents globally
40% number of published research and journal papers related to the Blue Economy Jan 1, 2017–Dec 31, 2021

Talent

Assesses the talent that relevant startups have access to. We analyzed all subjects included in Shanghai Rankings and matched to the relevant startup sub-sectors to calculate the following metrics:

35% Average of TOP score from Shanghai Rankings
30% Average of CNCI score from Shanghai Rankings
30% Average Q1 Score from Shanghai Rankings
5% number of programs

Experience

20% Venture A funding (log of number of historical Series A funding deals, as a proxy for number of teams that raised funds in the ecosystem Apr 1, 2012–Mar 31, 2022
20% exits (log of number of historical exits over $50 million, as a proxy for number of scaled teams in the ecosystem Apr 1, 2012–Mar 31, 2022
60% startup creation, all time

Focus

Quantifies the concentration of early startups and the availability of infrastructures to support their mentorship and scaling.

60% share of startups in the sub-sector, shows the concentration of startups in the sub-sector Jan 1, 2012–Dec 31, 2021
40% number of Blue Economy-focused accelerators and incubators Jan 1, 2017–Dec 31, 2021

Legacy

Quantifies the backbone and large companies in the ecosystems, which are important sources of networks, partnerships, and mentorship and attract investor attention.

30% log sum of market value for public companies in Marine Transport, Ocean Energy, and Aquaculture
30% log normalized market value for Marine Transport, Ocean Energy, and Aquaculture public companies by population
40% log of number of Marine Transport, Ocean Energy, and Aquaculture public companies with more than 250 employees

Key Concepts and Definitions

Ranking Score

The ranking is primarily driven by one question: In which ecosystems do early-stage startups have the best chance of building global success?

Startup

A technology-enabled business that is less than 10 years old. Steve Blank defines a startup as a “temporary organization in search of a repeatable and scalable business model. We use this definition to look across sectors and sub-sectors, including software, hardware, health, energy, and others, and we use these parameters for data collection purposes.

Startup Ecosystem

A shared pool of resources, generally located within a 60-mile (100-kilometer) radius around a center point in a given region, with a few exceptions based on local realities. Resources typically include policymakers, accelerators, incubators, coworking spaces, educational institutions, and funding groups.

Ecosystem Success Factors Model

Our principal analytical tool, this measures different dimensions that support the performance of local startups. We look at multiple factors for our rankings: one measuring actual performance, with other Success Factors associated with performance, each comprising sub-factors and metrics. These factors are highlighted in our Ranking Methodology section, as well as in each rankings section.

Performance: A combination of leading, lagging, and current indicators that capture economic outcomes in a startup ecosystem.
Funding: The level and growth of early-stage funding, looking at both access and quality.
Startup Experience: The depth and diversity of the pool of prior startup experience in an ecosystem.
Talent: Measures the accessibility, quality, and cost of software engineering expertise.

References

Introduction

United Nations. (n.d.). How is climate change impacting the world’s ocean. https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/ocean-impacts

Collaborating to Drive Change: Discover Novarium’s Innovation Campus

Foresight Future of the Sea. (2018). Government Office for Science. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7069...

Insights & Rankings

Here's how we fulfil the economic promise of a blue economy. (2022, August 5). https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/08/financing-sustainable-blue-economy/

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on a new approach for a sustainable blue economy in the EU. Transforming the EU's Blue Economy for a Sustainable Future. (2021, May 17). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0240&qid=1624869846426&...

The Vast Potential for AI in the Blue Economy

How much oxygen comes from the ocean? (2021, February 26). https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ocean-oxygen.html

Ocean shipping and shipbuilding - OECD. (n.d.). https://www.oecd.org/ocean/topics/ocean-shipping

Revitalization: collective action for the ocean. (2022, June 8). https://www.un.org/en/observances/oceans-day

Meet GCE Ocean Technology, the Norwegian Cluster Helping Startups Unlock the Potential of the Blue Economy

Regjeringen.no. (2018, August 27). The ocean. Government.no. https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/havet/id2603523/

Ecosystem Pages

Singapore

SEA will see 50M middle class consumers by 2022. Understanding Southeast Asia’s Emerging Middle Class, Bain & Company, 2019

Southeast Asia’s Internet sectors continue to see strong growth, hitting $100 billion in 2020, and are on track to cross $300 billion by 2025”. e-Conomy SEA 2020, Google, Temasek and Bain & Company, 2020

Headquarters | Economic Development Board (EDB) | Singapore. (2021, December 6), https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/our-industries/headquarters.html

Startup SG | Singapore: The Futuristic Nation Beyond 2021. (2022, January 25), https://www.startupsg.gov.sg/news/27944/singapore-the-futuristic-nation-beyond-2021

Tessa Oh. (2022, March 23). Alpina Holdings, Terrenus Energy win 6th solar tender from HDB, https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/alpina-holdings-terrenus-energy-win-6th-solar-ten...

How VFlowTech’s energy solution improves battery life by 85%, https://sbr.com.sg/energy-offshore/exclusive/how-vflowtechs-energy-solution-improves-battery-life-85

Shannon Williams. (2021, June 3). Red Dot Analytics to commercialise AI tech that dramatically improves data centre sustainability, https://datacenternews.asia/story/red-dot-analytics-to-commercialise-ai-tech-that-dramatically-impro...

Nisha Ramchandani. (2021, February 16). Budget 2021: Government to issue green bonds on certain public infrastructure projects, https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/singapore-budget-2021/budget-2021-government-to-...

Cheryl Tan. (2022, February 19). Budget 2022: $35 billion in green bonds to be issued by 2030 to fund green public sector projects, https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/budget-2022-35-billion-in-green-bonds-to-be-issued-by-2030-to...

AI Singapore (AISG) | About us, https://aisingapore.org/about-us/

Nathaniel Fetalvero. (2021, April 16). Deep Dive: How PatSnap joined the unicorn club, https://www.techinasia.com/deep-dive-patsnap-joined-unicorn-club

Cheryl Tan. (2021, December 20). Local biomedical companies raise record $820m from Jan to Sept this year, https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/biomedical-companies-in-spore-raise-record-820m-from-j...

Digital Health Platform Doctor Anywhere Closes S$88 Million Series C Round to Deepen Southeast Asia Expansion. (2021, August 31), https://finance.yahoo.com/news/digital-health-platform-doctor-anywhere-020000386.html

New $60 million fund to support transformation and growth of local agri-food sector, https://www.sfa.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sfa-media-release---new-60-milli...

Next Gen Foods Pte Ltd., https://my.pitchbook.com/profile/439873-39/company/profile#contact-info

Ang Hwee Min. (2022, March 25). Dyson opens new global HQ at St James power station, to invest S$1.5 billion in Singapore operations over next 4 years, https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/dyson-global-headquarters-hq-st-james-power-station-258572...

Tang See Kit. (2021, May 10). BioNTech to produce mRNA vaccines in Singapore, its new regional headquarters, https://www.channelnewsasia.com/business/biontech-vaccines-mrna-singapore-regional-headquarters-1354...

Choo Yun Ting. (2021, June 23). Chip giant GlobalFoundries to build new $5.4 billion plant in S'pore, add 1,000 high-value jobs, https://www.straitstimes.com/business/chips-giant-globalfoundries-to-increase-capacity-in-spore-add-...

Silicon Valley

Stephen Shankland. (2022, February 15). In Silicon Valley, Big Tech Gets Bigger but Leaves Many Families Behind, https://www.cnet.com/news/in-silicon-valley-big-tech-gets-bigger-but-leaves-many-behind/

Eric J. Savitz. (2022, January 12). Venture capital funding doubles in 2021, smashing records, https://www.barrons.com/articles/venture-capital-funding-doubles-in-2021-smashing-records-5164193677...

Techspo Silicon Valley 2022 ·| Technology Expo (June 2 - 3, 2022) | (Internet ~ Mobile ~ AdTech ~ MarTech ~ SaaS). (2014, September 22), https://techsposv.com/

The Silicon Valley Startup Guide, https://www.rocketspace.com/the-silicon-valley-startup-guide-download

Founders Summit 2022, https://siliconvalley.um.dk/events/founders-summit-2022

Elio Assuncao. Silicon Valley 2022 Q3 venture capital world summit, https://vcworldsummit.com/silicon-valley-2022-q3/

Sarah K. White. (2021, January 5). 20 worthwhile conferences for women in tech, https://www.cio.com/article/217732/conferences-for-women-in-tech.html

TiE Silicon Valley celebrates 30th anniversary, announces TiEcon 2022, world's largest entrepreneurship conference. (2022, March 23), https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/tie-silicon-valley-celebrates-30th-anniversary-announces-ti...

Course Hero, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/coursehero/company_financials

Cyara, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/cyara/company_financials

Aptos, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/aptos-96b4/company_financials

AI accelerator summit, https://aiacceleratorsummit.com/location/siliconvalley

AI & Big Data Expo | North America (2021, April 13), https://www.ai-expo.net/northamerica/

SambaNova Systems nabs $676M Series D. (2021, April), https://startuparound.com/read/1618334408.270656/SambaNova-Systems-Nabs-$676M-Series-D

SambaNova Systems nabs $676M Series D. (2021, April 13), https://vcnewsdaily.com/sambanova-systems/venture-capital-funding/qcnrgbbqxy

SambaNova Systems Raises $676M in Series D, Surpasses $5B Valuation and Becomes World’s Best-Funded AI Startup. (2021, April 13), https://www.vcaonline.com/news/news.asp?ID=2021041301#.YKfx_qgzZPY

Uniphore, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/uniphore/company_financials

Connie Loizos. (2022, March 15). Startup banking service Mercury jumps into debt lending to take on Silicon Valley bank, https://techcrunch.com/2022/03/15/startup-banking-service-mercury-jumps-into-debt-lending-to-take-on...

Ascend, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/ascend-276c/company_financials

FalconX, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/falconx/company_financials

Heather McKenzie. (2022, January 6). Top life sciences startups to watch in 2022, https://www.biospace.com/article/top-life-sciences-startups-to-watch-in-2022/

Graphite Bio | Home, https://graphitebio.com/

Jennifer Martin. (2021, July 28). Why do entrepreneurs go to Silicon Valley?, https://usv.edu/blog/why-do-entrepreneurs-go-to-silicon-valley/

Amsterdam-Delta

10 reasons startups love Amsterdam | StartupAmsterdam. (2022, May 3), https://www.iamsterdam.com/en/business/startupamsterdam/why-amsterdam/why-startups-love-amsterdam

Venture Capital and Tech in Amsterdam | dealroom.co
https://dealroom.co/uploaded/2021/04/Amsterdam-Funding-q121-1-1.pdf

ScaleNL, https://scalenl.com/

Otrium, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/otrium-4/company_financials

Vishal Singh. (2021, October 27). 9 Amsterdam-based startups that raised more than €10M in Q3 2021 and are hiring right now, https://siliconcanals.com/news/startups/9-amsterdam-startups-that-raised-over-10m/

These 10 Amsterdam-based startups raised funding in Q1 2021 and are hiring like crazy right now. (2021, April 13), https://siliconcanals.com/news/startups/amsterdam-startups-hiring-now/

These 9 Amsterdam startups pivoted their business models during the COVID-19 pandemic and stayed successful. (2021, December 10)
https://siliconcanals.com/news/startups/amsterdam-startups-pivoted/

Government of the Netherlands | Plan of action - supporting the transition to circular agriculture. (2019, November 30), https://www.government.nl/ministries/ministry-of-agriculture-nature-and-food-quality/documents/polic...

CropIn expands with a permanent address in Amsterdam (2021, May 04), https://www.cropin.com/news/cropin-expands-with-a-permanent-address-in-amsterdam/

Wageningen University & Research | Rankings, https://www.wur.nl/en/Education-Programmes/rankings.htm

Life sciences and health industry in Amsterdam. (2021, November 1), https://www.iamsterdam.com/en/business/key-sectors/life-sciences-and-health

LUMICKS, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/lumicks/company_financials

London

London tech set to reach new heights in 2022 following record year for VC investment. (2022, January 13), https://media.londonandpartners.com/news/london-tech-set-to-reach-new-heights-in-2022-following-reco...

Balderton Capital launches £450M fund focused on early-stage European startups. (2021, November 17), https://www.uktech.news/news/london-vc-balderton-capital-launches-new-fund-20211117#:~:text=Balderto...

Passion Capital, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/passion-capital/investor_financials

Robert Scammell. (2022, January 19). Autonomous car startup Wayve raises $200m in Microsoft-backed round, https://www.uktech.news/news/https://www.cbinsights.com/research/wayve-series-b-funding/?utm_source=...

London tech week | Home, https://londontechweek.com/

Black girls in Tech Fest 2022, https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/black-girls-in-tech-fest-2022-tickets-244072536527?aff=ebdssbdestsear...

Tech Nation | About Us, https://technation.io/about-us/

London tech set to reach new heights in 2022 following record year for VC investment. (2022, January 13), https://media.londonandpartners.com/news/london-tech-set-to-reach-new-heights-in-2022-following-reco...

Barclays Accelerator, powered by Techstars, reaches $4bn market cap valuation | Growth | Barclays (2021, September 16), https://home.barclays/news/2021/09/The-Accelerator-was-a-game-changer-for-us/

Barclays Accelerator, https://rise.barclays/accelerator/barclays-accelerator/

Gina Clarke. (2021, October 1). How London became a global hub for Fintech, https://time.com/6102902/london-fintech/

Revolut, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/revolut/company_financials

SaltPay, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/saltpay/investor_financials

Celcius Network, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/celsius-network/company_financials

Ollie A Williams. (2021, January 15). Silicon Valley Shifts To London In U.K. Tech Boom, https://www.forbes.com/sites/oliverwilliams1/2021/01/15/silicon-valley-shifts-to-london-in-uk-tech-b...

EdTech conference – EdTech conference in London UK Europe is the EdTech world forum 2022 as one of leading educational technology conference as EdTech events 2022 as elearning conference 2022, https://edtechconferences.london/

London EdTech Week | Home. (2022, April 26), https://londonedtechweek.com/

Unibuddy, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/unibudy/company_financials

Multiverse, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/whitehat/company_financials

Atom Learning, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/atom-learning/company_financials

London maintains its crown as one of the world’s top startup hubs. (2021, September 22), https://media.londonandpartners.com/news/london-maintains-its-crown-as-one-of-the-worlds-top-startup...

Tech London | Resilience, https://tech.london/resilience

Scott Carey, Thomas Macaulay. (2019, April 25). How the UK government supports technology startups, https://www.computerworld.com/article/3557898/how-the-uk-government-supports-technology-startups.htm...

Nick Ismail. (2021, June 16). London & partners Q&A — driving economic growth and inclusion in the London startup ecosystem, https://www.growthbusiness.co.uk/london-partners-qa-driving-economic-growth-and-inclusion-in-the-lon...

Impact cohort, https://www.business.london/business-growth-programme/impact

New York City

Maya Kosoff. (2021, December 27). Here’s how much VC funding New York startups raised this year | The Org, https://theorg.com/iterate/heres-how-much-vc-funding-new-york-startups-raised-2021

Sophia Kunthara. (2022, February 23). NYC notches a banner year for venture funding as Big Apple's startup scene ripens, https://news.crunchbase.com/news/nyc-startup-venture-funding/

Oscar Health Inc., https://my.pitchbook.com/profile/58034-35/company/profile#general-info

Joanna Glasner. (2021, September 3). New York sees startup funding spike in 2021, https://news.crunchbase.com/news/new-york-sees-startup-funding-spike-in-2021/

Ellen Glover. (2021, November 30). The top 5 NYC tech sectors to watch in 2022, https://www.builtinnyc.com/2021/11/30/nyc-tech-sectors-to-watch-2022

Ramp, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/ramp-financial/investor_financials

Jacob Kaye. (2022, February 10). Tech industry group kicks off in queens — Queens daily eagle, https://queenseagle.com/all/2022/2/10/tech-industry-group-kicks-off-in-queens

Mission of queens tech council | Queens tech council mission — Queens tech council, https://www.queenstechcouncil.com/mission

Tech year NYC. (2022, May 9), https://avc.com/2022/05/tech-year/

The AI Summit New York | Home. (2022, February 10), https://newyork.theaisummit.com/

Deanna Paul. (2021, July 8). WSJ news exclusive | New York City opens cyberattack defense center, https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-city-opens-cyberattack-defense-center-11625778530

New York City Life Sciences Report YE 2021. (2022, March 3), https://www.cbre.com/en/insights/reports/new-york-city-life-sciences-report-ye-2021

A Recovery for All of Us: New York City Invests $1 Billion in Life Sciences. (2021, June 9), https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/414-21/recovery-all-us-new-york-city-invests-1-billion...

New York City Life Sciences Report YE 2021. (2022, March 3). A Recovery for All of Us: New York City Invests $1 Billion in Life Sciences, https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/414-21/recovery-all-us-new-york-city-invests-1-billion...

Mayor Adams to receive first paycheck in cryptocurrency. (2022, January 20), https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/041-22/mayor-adams-receive-first-paycheck-cryptocurren...

Blockchain startups in New York City. (2020, April 14), https://tracxn.com/explore/Blockchain-Startups-in-New-York-City

Akayla Gardner. (n.d.). New York City Leads Crypto-VC Funding Race Over Silicon Valley, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-01/new-york-leads-crypto-vc-funding-race-over-silico...

Penny Laughlin. (2022, January 26). NYC business quick start serves small businesses, https://metropolisny.com/2022/01/nyc-business-quick-start-serves-small-businesses/

Adam Uzialko. (2019, May 28). Running a business in New York? What you need to know - businessnewsdaily.com, https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/8775-doing-business-in-new-york.html

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New York City, New York, https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/newyorkcitynewyork

NYC | Language access, https://www1.nyc.gov/site/planning/about/language-access.page

National Center for Education Statistics | Home, https://nces.ed.gov/

START-UP NY offers major incentives for new biz. (2013, October 24), https://dumbo.is/blogging/start-up-ny-offers-major-incentives-for-new-biz

START-UP NY program | Empire State development. (2021, February 10), https://esd.ny.gov/startup-ny-program#:~:text=START%2DUP%20NY%20offers%20new,and%20experts%20in%20ke...

Denmark

Startup Aahrus | About, Retrieved from https://startupaarhus.com/about/

Sabine Müller. (2021, September 16). The Danish startup database, https://dealroom.co/blog/the-danish-startup-database#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20Denmark%20is%20home,1%2C...

Emiliano Bellini. (2020, September 4). Apple data center in Denmark powered by 50 MW of solar, https://www.pv-magazine.com/2020/09/04/apple-data-center-in-denmark-powered-by-50-mw-of-solar

Dan Swinhoe. (2021, December 13). Meta/Facebook to expand Odense data center campus in Denmark, https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/metafacebook-to-expand-odense-data-center-campus-in-denma...

Dixa, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/dixa/company_financials

ViaBill, https://www.crunchbase.com/search/funding_rounds/field/organizations/funding_total/viabill

Laura Rodriguez Bernate. (2022, February 25). Danish Biotech: A rapid rise, https://dealroom.co/blog/danish-biotech-a-rapid-rise

BioInnovation Institute (BII) | About, https://bii.dk/about/

Blue Ocean Robotics, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/blue-ocean-robotics/company_financials

4 Companies to Know in Denmark’s Booming Fintech Sector. (2021, January 8), https://fintechbaltic.com/3470/nordics/4-companies-to-know-in-denmarks-booming-fintech-sector/

Pleo, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/pleo-company

Lunar, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/lunar-bank/company_financials

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark | Launch Your Startup In Denmark, https://investindk.com/our-services/start-up-denmark

Fifth year in a row: AAU is Europe's best engineering university | Aalborg University (AAU). (2021, October 28), https://www.news.aau.dk/news/fifth-year-in-a-row--aau-is-europe-s-best-engineering-university.cid524...

Danish Tech Startups | The Association of Tech Startups in Denmark, https://www.techstartup.dk/

Los Angeles

Stephanie Horan. (2022, February 17). Best places for Black entrepreneurs - 2022 study - SmartAsset, https://smartasset.com/data-studies/best-places-for-black-entrepreneurs-2022

Harri Weber. (2022, January 7). Upfront Ventures secures $177 million for new continuation fund, https://dot.la/upfront-ventures-new-continuation-fund-2656248005.html

Wonder ventures launches $31 million fund focused exclusively on LA startups. (2022, April 21), https://dot.la/wonder-ventures-fund-la-startups-2656401946.html

Pat Maio. (2022, January 13). Jumpstart Nova will fund Black health care startups with a new $55 million fund, https://dot.la/jumpstart-health-2656392190/particle-2

Minnie Ingersoll. (2022, January 12). Crosslink partner Joe Guzel on Co-founding a new Fintech fund, Haven Ventures, https://dot.la/joe-guzel-starting-haven-ventures-2656378496.html

Haven Ventures, https://my.pitchbook.com/profile/490027-96/investor/profile

Harri Weber. (2022, April 7). Female-led Emmeline Ventures launches, backs crypto wallet startup, https://dot.la/emmeline-ventures-2657111315.html

Upfront Ventures, https://upfront.com/summit

Harri Weber. 2022, January 5). Upfront summit postponed to march over omicron fears, https://dot.la/upfront-summit-postponed-to-march-2656221992.html

Techspo Los Angeles 2022 | Technology Expo (July 11 - 12, 2022) | (Internet ~ Mobile ~ AdTech ~ MarTech ~ SaaS). (2014, September 22), https://techspola.com/

The Montgomery Summit 2022. (2014, September 22), https://www.montgomerysummit.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Montgomery-Summit-2022-Fact-Sheet.pdf

The Montgomery summit. (2021, November 8), https://marchcp.com/montgomery-summit/

Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation (LAEDC) | Research and Development, https://laedc.org/wtc/chooselacounty/research-development/

ACELYRIN, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/acelyrin/company_financials

Appia bio launches with $52 million series a financing and establishes scientific advisory board. (2021, May 11), https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/appia-bio-launches-with-52-million-series-a-financing-and-...

Annlee Ellingson. (2021, October 6). Video games drive demand for real estate in Los Angeles, https://www.bizjournals.com/losangeles/news/2021/10/06/video-games-drive-real-estate-los-angeles.htm...

Christian Hetrick. (2022, April 12). Genies raises $150 million to make avatars for the Metaverse, https://dot.la/genies-avatar-raise-silver-lake-2657143980.html

Mythical Games, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/mythical-games/company_financials

Sarah Pilla. (2022, January 12). Program prioritizes diversity in climate startups, https://spectrumnews1.com/ca/la-west/environment/2022/01/12/los-angeles-cleantech-incubator-prioriti...

LOS ANGELES CLEANTECH INCUBATOR REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS. (2022, January 12), https://laincubator.org/wp-content/uploads/April-2022-EIR-RFP-final.pdf

Nat Rubio-Licht. (2021, November 15). LA’s Greentech industry is growing, https://labusinessjournal.com/02-weekly/la-greentech-industry-growing/

Los Angeles cleantech incubator expands free zero-emissions shuttle service in Leimert Park. (2022, March 14), https://laincubator.org/leimert-park-ev-pilot-extended/

28 small business ideas for Los Angeles, California in 2021. (2021, January 1), https://www.startupguys.net/25-low-cost-business-ideas-for-los-angeles-ca-usa/

Atlantic Canada

Government Of Canada | Introduction - Atlantic Canada. (2019, January 29), https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/environment/resources/publications/impacts-adaptation/reports/assessments/20...

CarbonCure’s concrete solution featured on CBS’ 60 minutes. (2021, March 10), https://www.carboncure.com/concrete-corner/carboncures-concrete-solution-featured-on-cbs-60-minutes/

Introhive, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/introhive/company_financials

Introhive named to Deloitte technology fast 50™ for third consecutive year. (2021, November 17), https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/introhive-named-to-deloitte-technology-fast-50-tm-for-third-co...

Accountability Report 2020-2021. (2021, November 17), https://innovacorp.ca/sites/default/files/publications/Innovacorp_Accountability_Report_2020_2021.pd...

Investing in training and infrastructure for PEI's bioscience sector. (2022, March 10), https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/investing-in-training-and-infrastructure-for-pei-s-bioscience-...

Government of Canada supports growing biotechnology cluster in Cape Breton. (2021, April 16), https://www.canada.ca/en/atlantic-canada-opportunities/news/2021/04/government-of-canada-supports-gr...=

Charlize Alcaraz. (2021, October 1). Sandpiper ventures closes first $10 million of its $20 million CAD target fund, https://betakit.com/sandpiper-ventures-closes-first-10-million-of-its-20-million-cad-target-fund/

Mysa, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/mysa/company_financials

TrojAI, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/trojai/company_financials

Peter Moreira. Biotech sector takes flight in NS, https://entrevestor.com/home/entry/life-sciences-takes-flight-in-ns

Adaptiiv Medical Technologies Inc., https://my.pitchbook.com/profile/160961-41/company/profile#general-info

ABK Biomedical Inc., https://my.pitchbook.com/profile/59883-40/company/profile#deal-history

Canada’s ocean supercluster announces $3.3M precision fish harvesting project. (2022, February 4), https://oceansupercluster.ca/precision-fish-harvesting-project/

Ocean startup project invests $1.4-Million in 40 ocean tech companies. (2021, October 31), https://huddle.today/2021/10/06/ocean-startup-project-invests-1-5-million-in-40-ocean-tech-companies...

Carbon removal startup planetary technologies announces $7.8M in funding, offer of 3,000 carbon credits. (2022, March 17), https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220317005935/en/Carbon-Removal-Startup-Planetary-Technologi...

University of New Brunswick | Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity, https://www.unb.ca/cic/

Sonrai Security, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/sonrai-security/company_financials

NASDAQ completes acquisition of Verafin. (2021, February 11), https://verafin.com/news/nasdaq-completes-acquisition-of-verafin

NASDAQ to buy financial fraud detection firm Verafin for $2.75 billion, https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/19/nasdaq-to-buy-financial-fraud-detection-firm-verafin-for-2point75-bi...

Colin R. Singer. (2022, February 22). Four Atlantic Canadian cities make 2021 top 10 best communities in Canada, https://www.immigration.ca/four-atlantic-canadian-cities-make-2021-top-10-best-communities-in-canada

Ellen Farrell, PhD. (2021, December 21). Atlantic Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Vibrant and Globally Aspiring, https://www.smu.ca/webfiles/AtlEntreEcosystemFinalReport2018_WEB.pdf

Seoul

Results of Analysis of Changes to the Korean Startup Ecosystem, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sVRGy3g-l-eWu6YOxZZAjegruaVGjH1J/view

A Total of More than 1.3 Trillion Won in Venture Funds was Raised in 2022, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oXYUXhz5LpnZnoxZPcx5GZjj-BhzYGAj/view

Number of Korean Unicorns Hit New Record of 18 in 2021, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EpTUdhuXruKvkyeUY_MB_6tba5hncsJE/view?usp=sharing

Seoul Business Agency, (2022, March 24)

Seoul Business Agency, (2022, March 24)

STARTUP RECIPE INVESTMENT REPORT 2021, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cST0tZJIxUWnavfPOKNmNUHUc9msAYln/view?usp=sharing

Digital New Deal Harness the Winds of Change, Bringing Innovation!. (2022, April 22), https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hCmveApaHbKebAbQJ5Xsn563byr9DuTH/view?usp=sharing

The secret to startups succeeding from the get-go, https://drive.google.com/file/d/109DF7TKKp-76wA7mCCN5ttqfNsEqEm7Q/view?usp=sharing

AI startup voyager X raises over $25 mn in series a funding round. (2022, April 22), https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fild4IrTbPHLi179An3r03PUkJ_XuY-C/view?usp=sharing

Seoul to set up a global AI hub in Yangjae - Seoul metropolitan Government.pdf. (2021, December 28), https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dYq731pP6kHYSkMQkALmANEo1ZEO2XgS/view?usp=sharing

HUINNO, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/huinno-inc/company_financials

Startups and big data set to fuel genomic medicine in Korea, https://www.nature.com/articles/d42473-021-00589-3

South Korea | Manufacturing technology - Smart factory. (2021, August 13), https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/south-korea-manufacturing-technology-smart-factory

Korea moves fast to advance into a global powerhouse in the robotics IndustryView details | Industry trends | InvestKOREA. (2021, December 8), https://www.investkorea.org/ik-en/bbs/i-308/detail.do?ntt_sn=490763

Seoul robotics raises $12M in bridge round investment from Korean government. (2021, July 15), https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/07/15/2263617/0/en/Seoul-Robotics-Raises-12M-in-Brid...

Jeong-Soo Hwang. (2022, March 16). Service robot maker bear robotics raises $81 mn in series B, https://www.kedglobal.com/korean-startups/newsView/ked202203160011

Education-policy-Outlook | Korea, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ItQg6cWgdhwb1jcWMdRYlrAYP6zO8134/view?usp=sharing

Seoul Business Agency, (2022, March 24)

Why Seoul, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BzZsdDmviZdea3f_FQsXsS4laliqpzHd/view

Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent, Lorena Rivera León, Vanessa Behrens. Global Innovation Index2021, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NoBXtZVynsjI336z2uiWJKZKb2xrR3tG/view

S. Korea's R&D spending 5th largest among OECD members in 2019. (2020, December 9), https://drive.google.com/file/d/16THBL7BRjkvkic7_C42ErqeoYZsV6Usd/view

Tokyo

Full text of Prime Minister Kishida's statement of belief. (2021, October 8), https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUA0787N0X01C21A0000000/

Yuko Matsumoto. (2021, December 30). IPO, shortening from approval to listing to about 21 days Japan Securities Dealers Association policy, https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUB293VX0Z21C21A2000000/

Investment-type CF issuance easing plan Financial Services Agency, up to less than 100 million yen alone. (2021, February 18), https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQODF184300Y1A210C2000000/

Metropolitan Government Structural Reform Portal Site | Tokyo (2022, March 30), https://shintosei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/post_cp5_220204/

J-startup, https://www.j-startup.go.jp/en/

Shoko Takahashi, Ken Ebihara, Yasufumi Fujii, Yukari takamura, Toshihiko Yamazaki. (2021, September 30). The University of Tokyo to establish a 60 billion yen fund for start-ups from universities, https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUE284UZ0Y1A920C2000000/

Kiyotaka Fujioka. (2021, July 30). Key points of startup career change activities in 2021 Korona-ka, https://amater.as/article/2021/02/23/2021covid/

SmartHR raises 15.6 billion yen from US Sequoia etc. (2021, June 8), https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUC087JC0Y1A600C2000000/

SmartNews, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/smartnews-inc/company_financials

The 4th venture boom and three "environmental changes" that began with the listing of Mercari. (2019, December 4), https://diamond.jp/articles/-/222103?page=2

Space: Investing in the final frontier. (2020, July 24), https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/investing-in-space

Future market forecast for the robot industry toward 2035, https://www.nedo.go.jp/content/100080673.pdf

Japan's robotics market sees boom amid pandemic. (2021, July 10), https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/07/10/business/tech/japan-robot-industry/

Ispace Technologies, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/ispace-technologies-inc-

Spiber raises 34 billion yen, the largest emerging group. (2021, September 9), https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO75582660Y1A900C2TB2000/

Japan Fintech, https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/japan-fintech

Monthly Market Report vol.1 – November 2020. (2020, November 9), https://fincity.tokyo/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/1604888710-7041ae1e28863fe098eab163e812bf4f.pdf

Kyash, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/kyash-inc/company_financials

FOLIO, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/folio-8c62/company_financials

MONEY DESIGN, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/money-design-co-ltd

Jonathan Smith. (2022, February 18). Belgian VC fund leads investment wave in Japanese biotech, https://www.labiotech.eu/trends-news/newton-biocapital-vc-fund-japan/

BISU, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/bisuhealth

ITR announces the results of "IT Investment Trend Survey 2022". (2021, November 11), https://www.itr.co.jp/company/press/211111PR.html

Overseas financial Corporation business establishment subsidy Program|Promotion of growth Strategies|Office of the governor for policy planning -Tokyo metropolitan government-, https://www.seisakukikaku.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/en/pgs/gfct/nurturing-players/establishment-subsidy.html

Business development center TOKYO | Support for companies in all sectors | Invest Tokyo, https://www.startup-support.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/for_foreign/bdc_tokyo/en/

Top page ｜Startup ecosystem Tokyo consortium, https://www.ecosystem.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/en/

Tax incentives | Supports for foreign companies | Invest Tokyo, https://www.investtokyo.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/en/for_foreign/tax_incentive/

Program to increase foreign entrepreneurs | Business development center TOKYO | Supports for foreign companies | Invest Tokyo, https://www.startup-support.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/for_foreign/bdc_tokyo/en/fhr/

Boston

Delilah Alvarado. (2022, January 4). These 10 Boston tech companies raised a combined $7B+ in 2021, https://www.builtinboston.com/2022/01/04/biggest-boston-tech-fundings-2021

Raphael Santos. Top 10 US states that received most of 2021's venture capital funding, https://www.airswift.com/blog/top-us-states-vc-backed-2021

MassChallenge | About, https://masschallenge.org/about

TiE ScaleUp | Home, https://www.tiescaleup.org/

Rachael Green. (2021, October 27). Boston named world's top biotech hub as the city's leading biotech companies continue to make major breakthroughs, https://finance.yahoo.com/news/boston-named-worlds-top-biotech-122424885.html

Rowan Walrath. (2021, December 29). These were the top 10 VC deals in Mass. biotech in 2021, https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2021/12/29/top-10-venture-capital-deals-boston-biotech-2021....

Founder institute, NASA Ames and MassRobotics partner to launch AI and robotics accelerator in Boston, http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=57748

Activ Surgical, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/omniboros/company_financials

Realtime robotics, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/realtime-robotics-inc

2021 Scoring Tech Talent. (2021, July 14), https://www.cbre.com/en/insights/reports/scoring-tech-talent-in-north-america-2021

Stockholm

Klarna, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/klarna/company_financials

Tink, https://my.pitchbook.com/profile/90916-12/company/profile#deal-history

Ingrid Lunden. (2021, May 25). Sinch, a Swedish customer engagement giant, raises $1.1B, SoftBank and Temasek participating, https://techcrunch.com/2021/05/25/sinch-a-swedish-customer-engagement-giant-raises-1-1b-softbank-and...

Spotify’s Nest Proves a Fertile Breeding Ground for Unicorns (2021, April 26), https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-26/spotify-s-nest-proves-a-fertile-breeding-ground-f...

UNICEF establishes key global innovation center in Stockholm. (2021, September 27), https://www.unicef.org/innovation/press-releases/unicef-establishes-key-global-innovation-center-sto...

Stockholm innovation scholarship, https://www.visitstockholm.com/o/stockholm-innovation-scholarship/

Vinnova | We open the way for innovation that makes a difference, https://www.vinnova.se/en/our-activities/we-open-up-for-innovation/

Innovation in Sweden. (2021, November 3), https://sweden.se/work-business/business-in-sweden/a-country-of-innovation

Sthlm Fintech Week | About, https://sthlmfintechweek.com/about-us/

Kista Science City), https://kista.com/english/

Cleantech in Stockholm, https://www.investstockholm.com/investment_opportunities/cleantech/

Cleantech innovation in Stockholm. (2012, April 28), https://neweuropeaneconomy.com/fdi/cleantech-innovation-in-stockholm/

Anna Ringstrom, Supantha Mukherjee. (2021, June 9). Sweden's Northvolt raises $2.8 bln to supercharge EV battery output, https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/battery-maker-northvolt-raises-275-bln-expand-factory-2021-0...

Life Science, https://www.business-sweden.com/markets/sweden/life-science/

LIFE SCIENCE INCUBATION, https://www.sisp.se/start/life-science-inkubation

The Sciety syndicate invests MSEK 31 in Capitainer. (2022, January 18), https://sciety.com/the-sciety-syndicate-invests-msek-31-in-capitainer/

Innocent Mugenga. (2021, Decmeber 20). Why Stockholm is a great city for entrepreneurs, https://www.visitstockholm.com/live-work/start-business/why-stockholm-is-a-great-city-for-entreprene...

Why So Many Businesses Relocate to Sweden. (2021, January 04), https://www.europeanbusinessreview.com/why-so-many-businesses-relocate-to-sweden/

San Diego

The City of San Diego | Why San Diego?, https://www.sandiego.gov/economic-development/sandiego

Mike Freeman. (2022, April 15). San Diego startups see steep drop in investment after record year, https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/story/2022-04-14/san-diego-startups-see-steep-drop-in-...

Newmark Completes $145 Million Sale of San Diego Office Portfolio with Life Science Redevelopment Potential. (2022, April 1), https://rew-online.com/newmark-completes-145-million-sale-of-san-diego-office-portfolio-with-life-sc...

Emily Olsen. (2021, September 28). Cue Health picks up $200M in IPO and more digital health fundings, https://www.mobihealthnews.com/news/cue-health-picks-200m-ipo-and-more-digital-health-fundings

Shield AI, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/shield-ai/company_financials

ClickUp, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/clickup/company_financials

Flock Freight, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/flock-freight/company_financials

ArcGIS StoryMaps | Smart Economic Development is Inclusive Economic Development. (2022, April 19), https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/970be612bbc2416eaff22548b54ddc74

San Diego North Economic Development Council | Business Assistance, https://www.sdnedc.org/business-assistance/

George Lurie. (2022, January 4). New VC Firm Targets Early Life Science Startups, https://www.sdbj.com/news/2022/jan/04/new-vc-firm-targets-early-life-science-startups/

https://my.pitchbook.com/profile/97057-00/company/profile#general-info

Nalu Medical, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/nalu-medical/company_financials

Cleantech San Diego | Facts | San Diego’s Regional Cleantech Economy. (March 18), https://cleantechsandiego.org/facts/

Wildcat Discovery Technologies, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/wildcat-discovery-technologies

Clean Air Power, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/clean-air-power

Cleantech San Diego (CTSD) | Home, https://cleantechsandiego.org/

4 Reasons to Move Your Business to San Diego. (2022, January 29), https://www.justaguything.com/4-reasons-to-move-your-business-to-san-diego/

Numbeo | Cost of Living Comparison Between San Francisco, CA and San Diego, CA, United States, https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/compare_cities.jsp?country1=United+States&city1=San+Franci...)

Miami

Nancy Dahlberg. SoftBank committed to invest $100M in Miami startups. It’s now at $250M – and counting, https://refreshmiami.com/softbank-committed-to-invest-100m-in-miami-startups-its-now-at-250m-and-cou...

SoftBank earmarks $100 million for Miami-based startups
https://techcrunch.com/2021/01/28/softbank-launches-a-100-million-fund-for-miami-based-startups/

CBSMiami.com Team. (2022, February 23). Miami Dade College gets $15 million boost for tech programs, https://miami.cbslocal.com/2022/02/23/miami-dade-college-gets-15-million-boost-for-tech-programs/

Rob Wile. (2021, May 12). IBM gives Miami Dade College $10M for advanced tech classes, https://www.govtech.com/education/higher-ed/ibm-gives-miami-dade-college-10m-for-advanced-tech-class...

Rhea Kelly. (2021, April 27). Miami Dade College and IBM initiative to support faculty training, Next-Gen skills -- Campus technology, https://campustechnology.com/articles/2021/04/27/miami-dade-college-and-ibm-initiative-to-support-fa...

Events: Emerge Americas 2022, https://www.miamibeachconvention.com/events/emerge-americas-2022

The premier tech event in Miami. (2022, May 6), https://emergeamericas.com/

Turner, J. (2022, March 3). Why South Florida is emerging as a major hub for tech investment, https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/tech/why-south-florida-is-emerging-as-a-major-hub-for-tech-investme...

HealthCare.com, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/healthcare-com

Rapha capital management announces first managed venture fund focused on investment in early-stage biotech startups. (2021, April 15), https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rapha-capital-management-announces-first-managed-venture-fu...

Nancy Dahlberg. (2021, May 20). Miami-based medtech startup Heru, a Bascom Palmer spin-out, raises a $30 million series a, https://www.refreshmiami.com/miami-based-medtech-startup-heru-a-bascom-palmer-spin-out-raises-a-30-m...

Alexandra Semenova. (2022, February 16). Miami sees blockchain-focused venture capital deals skyrocket in 2021, https://finance.yahoo.com/news/miami-sees-blockchain-focused-venture-capital-deals-skyrocket-in-2021...

Crypto company Blockchain.com moves U.S. headquarters to Miami. (2021, June 3), https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/crypto-company-blockchaincom-moves-us-headquarters-to-miami...

Ashley Portero. (2021, June 7). Crypto trading platform eToro to establish US hub in Miami, https://www.bizjournals.com/southflorida/news/2021/06/07/crypto-trading-platform-etoro-to-establish....

EToro is the latest crypto exchange moving to Miami. (2021, June 6), https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/etoro-is-the-latest-crypto-exchange-moving-to-miami-...

Ira Puranik. (2021, June 4). Bitcoin 2021: The mega crypto conference in Miami, https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/cryptocurrency/bitcoin-2021-the-mega-crypto-conference-in...

Paxton Boyd. (2021, June 4). Bitcoin 2021, world's largest cryptocurrency conference, kicks off in Miami, https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/bitcoin-2021-worlds-largest-cryptocurrency-conference-kicks-off-...

Bitcoin 2022. (2022, May 13), https://b.tc/conference/

OneOf, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/oneof/company_financials

RECUR, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/recur/company_financials

UF ranked No. 5 on the 2022 U.S. news & world report list of top public schools » college of nursing » University of Florida. (2021, September 14), https://nursing.ufl.edu/2021/09/14/uf-ranked-no-5-on-the-2022-u-s-news-world-report-list-of-top-publ...

These U.S. states have the best education systems, https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/rankings/education

Fiscal Year 2021-2022 Budget, https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/FY-21-22-Budget-Highlights-6.2.21-FINAL.pdf

Jim Probasco. (2010, February 7). 9 states with no income tax, https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0210/7-states-with-no-income-tax.aspx#citation-48

Ignacio Peña, Tomás R.V. Gutiérrez, Milagros Gutiérrez Oyhanarte. (2021, October). A Bridge To The Future, https://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/A-Bridge-to-the-Future-How-the-Rise-of-t...

Beijing

Ma Si. (2022, February 23). Beijing 2022 promotes key tech on major stage, https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202202/23/WS621583aca310cdd39bc884b4.html

China ramps up its support for startups in selected industries. (2022, February 8), https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/china-ramps-up-its-support-for-startups-in-selec...

Kirana Aisyah. (2022, May 5). Robust development in China’s robotics industry, https://opengovasia.com/robust-development-in-chinas-robotics-industry/

A Major Science Facility in Huairou Science City in Beijing Opens for Reservation, http://english.beijing.gov.cn/latest/news/202203/t20220308_2626028.html

ICNT 2022-Beijing, China(中国北京), https://www.icnt.org/

Fenbi, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/fenbi-wang/company_financials

Nreal, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/nreal-ai/company_financials

ThreatBook, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/threatbook/company_financials

Beijing. (2019, November 6), https://geip.sg/network/beijing/

CCAI 2022 | Beijing, https://www.ccai.net/

Ccai 2022, https://www.ccai.net/program.html

Xie Jun. (2022, February 15). Chinese tech company develops AI coach to help athlete win at Beijing 2022, https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202202/1252328.shtml

Terminus Technologies, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/terminus-technologies-co/company_financials

Aibee, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/alibee/company_financials

Global FinTech Hub Report 2021 Released, Beijing Ranked Top for Third Consecutive Year, http://english.beijing.gov.cn/investinginbeijing/Investmentnews/202110/t20211013_2511666.html#:~:tex...

China Fintech Research Conference, http://conference.fter50.org.cn/

FinTech world forum | FTWF Beijing, https://bj.fintechwf.com/

FinTech World Forum, https://www.eventbrite.com/e/fintech-world-forum-tickets-268688714177?aff=erelexpmlt

Cobo, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/cobo/company_financials

Beijing Huairou science city has initially formed a scientific and technological innovation ecology. (2021, May 22), https://www.tellerreport.com/business/2021-05-22-beijing-huairou-science-city-has-initially-formed-a...

Research fund for international scientists call for proposals FY 2022, https://bic.nsfc.gov.cn/Show.aspx?AI=1592

Tel Aviv

Eden Baniel. (2022, January 5). The Tel Aviv tech hub: A home to innovation and scalability, https://youappi.com/the-tel-aviv-tech-hub-a-home-to-innovation-and-scalability-youappi/

Invest In Israel | Investment incentives, https://investinisrael.gov.il/BusinessInIsrael/Pages/Investment_incentives.aspx

Deloitte Israel | The Israeli Technological Eco-System. (2020, January 1), https://www2.deloitte.com/il/en/pages/innovation/article/the_israeli_technological_eco-system.html

Ricky Ben-David. (2022, January 27). Israel launches $70m program to promote tech entrepreneurship in Arab community, https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-launches-70m-program-to-promote-tech-entrepreneurship-in-arab-c...

Ciaran Bruder. (2022, January 21). Inside what makes Tel Aviv’s amazing startup ecosystem tick, https://websummit.com/blog/tel-aviv-startup-ecosystem-city-guide-accelerator-funding-vc

11 Israeli companies make list of top 100 AI startups redefining industries. (2021, April 11), https://nocamels.com/2021/04/11-israeli-companies-top-100-ai-startups/

Amitai Ziv. (2021, April 12). Israel is lagging on AI. It will now invest billions to bridge the gap, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/tech-news/.premium-the-ai-nation-israel-to-appoint-artificial-in...

Zencity raises $30m to help governments better tune in to citizen needs (2021, June 29), https://www.smartcitiesworld.net/news/news/zencity-raises-30m-to-help-governments-better-tune-in-to-...

Ingrid Lunden. (2021, October 12). AI chipmaker Hailo raises $136M as it doubles down new opportunities for AI modules in edge devices – TechCrunch, https://techcrunch.com/2021/10/12/hailo-raises-136m-ai-chips/

Yonit Wiseman. (2022, January 4). Israel’s cybersecurity startups post another record year in 2021 – TechCrunch, https://techcrunch.com/2022/01/04/israels-cybersecurity-startups-post-another-record-year-in-2021/

Ricky Ben-David. (2022, January 20). Israeli cybersecurity firms raised record $8.8b in 2021, exports reached $11b, https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-cybersecurity-firms-raised-record-8-8b-in-2021-exports-reached-...

Paris

Young Enterprise Initiative (YEi) | Why France, https://www.yeifrance.com/why-france.html

Regis Leleu. (2021, August 2). Why investing in France tops the agenda for foreign businesses https://www.intertrustgroup.com/insights/why-investing-in-france-tops-the-agenda-for-foreign-busines...

Moritz Zimmermann. (2021, June 16). Digital SME joins president Macron in Paris to launch scale-up Europe, https://www.digitalsme.eu/digital-sme-joins-president-macron-in-paris-to-launch-scale-up-europe/

Romain Dillet. (2021, October 21). Station F adds an online program to educate the next generation of entrepreneurs – TechCrunch, https://techcrunch.com/2021/10/21/station-f-adds-an-online-program-to-educate-the-next-generation-of...

Ankorstore, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/ankorstore/company_financials

Marie Mawad, Adam Green. (2021, February 18). France’s deeptech opportunity, https://sifted.eu/articles/france-deeptech-opportunity/

Mississippi

Michael Mazerov. (2022, February 16). Commentary: Mississippi Should Invest in Its People, Not Chase the False Promise of Tax “Competitiveness”, https://www.cbpp.org/sites/default/files/2-15-22sfp.pdf

"CoBuilders" statewide accelerator initiative underway in Mississippi. (2022, February 12), https://www.teknovation.biz/cobuilders-statewide-accelerator-initiative-underway-in-mississippi/

CoBuilders | Home, https://www.cobuilders.ms/

Nineteen Mississippi small business owners complete women and minority entrepreneurial development program. (2021, December 14), https://www.wlbt.com/2021/12/14/nineteen-mississippi-small-business-owners-complete-women-minority-e...

Dustin Cardon. (2022, February 16). JSU women’s business center and FedEx program, MSU COVID-19 pandemic funding, https://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2022/feb/16/jsu-womens-business-center-and-fedex-program-msu-c...

Ron Starner. (2021, November). How Mississippi became a thriving hub for startups: Dig beneath the surface and you’ll find innovation popping up all over the state.: | Site selection magazine, https://siteselection.com/issues/2021/nov/how-mississippi-became-a-thriving-hub-for-startups.cfm

Local investors form south Mississippi angel fund. (2021, August 5), https://spotonmississippi.com/ms-business/512300/local-investors-form-south-mississippi.html

Local investors form south Mississippi angel fund • Innovate Mississippi. (2021, August 4), https://www.innovate.ms/local-investors-form-south-mississippi-angel-fund/

COTI | About, https://accelerate.innovate.ms/about/

Accelerate: 2021 conference on technology innovation - Innovate MS, https://accelerate.innovate.ms/

REDe entrepreneurship summit, https://business.olemiss.edu/event/rede-entrepreneurship-summit/

Box, https://app.box.com/s/q3ij1z64ponqzohukae7vheshmmfur1c

Mississippi State University | Startup summit 2022, https://ecenter.msstate.edu/summit/#about

MISSISSIPPI DEVELOPMENT GUIDE VOL. 6, https://mississippi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-Mississippi-Development-Guide.pdf

Spectra laboratories opens new facility in Mississippi. (2021, August 19), https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/spectra-laboratories-opens-new-facility-in-mississippi-3013...

Nitrase Therapeutics, https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/nitrome-biosciences/company_financials

Nicole Cornett. (2021, December 6). Mighty Mississippi: Where innovation powers advanced manufacturing, https://www.expansionsolutionsmagazine.com/mighty-mississippi-advanced-manufacturing/

Milwaukee tool to expand manufacturing presence in MS. (2021, April 21), https://www1.milwaukeetool.com/News/Press-Releases/Milwaukee-Tool-to-Expand-Manufacturing-Presence-i...

Mississippi: Milwaukee tool expands in Grenada and Clinton. (2021, November 29), https://businessfacilities.com/2021/11/mississippi-milwaukee-tool-expands-in-grenada-and-clinton/

2022 STATE AGENCY GRANTS & LOANS FOR MISSISSIPPI MUNICIPALITIES. (2021, November 29), https://www.mmlonline.com/media/2169/2022-grants-loans-booklet.pdf

Employment incentives: State of Mississippi incentives, http://www.employmentincentives.com/state_incentives/Mississippi/ms_tax_incentives.htm

Tunisia

Digest Africa briefs: The most funded startups in Tunisia, https://digestafrica.com/digest-africa-briefs-the-most-funded-startups-in-tunisia

Startup Tunisia | Deal, https://startup.gov.tn/en/startup_ecosystem/flywheel/deal#:~:text=DEAL%20is%20a%20grant%20that,stabi...

Smart Capital and CDC, (2022, March 18),

Expanding its footprint in Africa: Flat6Labs announces second close of its Tunisia seed fund with the participation of Sawari ventures. (2021, September 29), https://www.flat6labs.com/expanding-its-footprint-in-africa-flat6labs-announces-second-close-its-tun...

Zubair Naeem Paracha. (2021, May 2). Tunisia's Expensya raises $20 million to grow its expense management software, https://www.menabytes.com/expensya-20-million/

Tunisia: Startup Wattnow secures $1.3M in pre-series a round. (2022, March 11), https://en.africanmanager.com/tunisia-startup-wattnow-secures-1-3m-in-pre-series-a-round/

OECD AI policy observatory Portal, https://oecd.ai/en/dashboards/policy-initiatives/http:%2F%2Faipo.oecd.org%2F2021-data-policyInitiati...

Mohamed Alaa El-Din. (2021, July 6). Africa IoT, AI challenge further expands in continent, https://dailynewsegypt.com/2021/07/06/africa-iot-ai-challenge-further-expands-in-continent/

Tage Kene-Okafor. (2022, January 25). Tunisian enterprise AI startup InstaDeep raises $100M from AI capital, BioNTech, Google – TechCrunch, https://techcrunch.com/2022/01/25/tunisian-enterprise-ai-startup-instadeep-raises-100m-from-alpha-bi...

Tunisia-founded enterprise AI startup InstaDeep raises $7 million series a. (2019, May 12), https://www.menabytes.com/instadeep-series-a/

Startup Tunisia official partners, https://startup.gov.tn/en/sso-partners

Tunisia: Sfax technopark-based "Healthtech" Represents Tunisia in "Betterehealth. (2021, March 19), https://allafrica.com/stories/202103190461.html

Tunisia, Britain to strengthen cooperation in biotechnology industries - Xinhua | English.news.cn, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-02/02/c_139713922.htm

Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development, https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/OECD%20Tunisia_UniversityEntrepreneurshipReport_FINAL.pdf

Methodology & References