Türkiye

Istanbul

#2

Emerging Ecosystem

 #8

Europe ECOSYSTEM
Members: Istanbul Development Agency

#5

Europe Ecosystem in Performance

Top 10

Europe Ecosystem in Funding Momentum

Top 15

Europe Ecosystem in Talent Strength
Aligned with Türkiye’s National Technology Initiative, we are committed to transforming innovation into global impact by enabling our startups to scale, compete, and succeed beyond borders.
Mehmet Fatih KACIR
Mehmet Fatih KACIR
Minister of Industry and Technology, Republic of Türkiye

Highlights

Istanbul continues to emerge as a dynamic center for entrepreneurship,  fueled by a vibrant community of innovative startups, active investors, and experienced mentors. Its strategic location at the intersection of Europe and Asia, combined with its young, tech-savvy population, positions Istanbul as a natural bridge between emerging markets and global innovation hubs.

Despite global and regional slowdowns in venture funding, Istanbul remains Türkiye’s leading startup hub, concentrating a significant portion of the country’s capital, talent, and deal activity. A growing network of 97 accelerators, 55 incubators, 350+ VCs and co-working spaces provide support from ideation to global scaling.

The Turkish government plays a central role in strengthening the ecosystem through funding, mentorship, training, and operational support. National initiatives such as TÜBİTAK BİGG and KOSGEB are complemented by regional efforts like the Global Entrepreneurship Events Call, which supports the internationalization of 100+ startups through participation in major global innovation events.

To further strengthen international visibility, the Istanbul Development Agency launched startin.istanbul, an English-language digital gateway promoting the startup ecosystem to global investors and entrepreneurs through mapping of key stakeholders and centralization of information on programs and collaboration opportunities. The Ministry of Industry and Technology published the Regulation on Participation in Venture Capital Funds and Venture Capital Practices in 2025, creating a formal framework to channel public resources into VC funds supporting technology and innovation-driven activities. 

Three new corporate venture capital funds (CVCs) were established in 2025, bringing the total number of CVCs in Türkiye to 96. Startups raised $589 million across 306 deals that year.

Istanbul’s appeal extends beyond capital flows. The city benefits from a dynamic and highly-educated talent pool, fueled by 58 universities and over 1 million university students. In December 2025, Istanbul hosted Take Off Istanbul 2025, bringing together over 500 startups from 40 countries and more than 250 international investors.

Ecosystem by the Numbers

ECOSYSTEM VALUE

A measure of economic impact, calculated as the value of exits and startup valuations from H2 2023–2025. Ecosystem Value includes all active unicorns.
(H2 2023 - 2025)
$19 BN
GLOBAL AVG. $25 BN
REGIONAL AVG. $14.3 BN

ECOSYSTEM VALUE GROWTH

Growth is calculated based on the Ecosystem Value from H2 2018–2020 vs. H2 2023–2025.
(H2 2018 - 2020 VS. H2 2023 - 2025)
658%
GLOBAL GROWTH 149%
REGIONAL GROWTH 152%

AI-Native Ecosystem Value

A measure of economic impact, calculated as the value of exits and startup valuations from H2 2023–2025 for AI-Native. Ecosystem Value includes all active unicorns.
(H2 2023 - 2025)
$189 M
GLOBAL AVG. $4.4 BN
REGIONAL AVG. $1.1 BN

AI-Native Ecosystem Value Growth

Growth is calculated based on the AI-Native Ecosystem Value from H2 2021–2023 vs. H2 2023–2025.
(H2 2021 - 23 VS. H2 2023 - 25)
25%
GLOBAL GROWTH 161%
REGIONAL GROWTH 84%

EARLY-STAGE FUNDING GROWTH

Early-Stage Funding Growth is based on number of Seed and Series A rounds raised between 2022-2023 vs. 2024-2025 and calculated on a scale of 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest).
(2022-23 vs. 2024-25)
4
Scale of 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest)

AI-Native Early Stage Funding Growth

AI-Native Early-Stage Funding (ESF) Count Growth Tier evaluates the growth in the number of Early-Stage Funding rounds between 2022–23 and 2024–25. Ecosystems are scored on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 represents the lowest growth and 10 represents the highest.
(2022-23 vs. 2024-25)
6
Scale of 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest)

TOTAL VC FUNDING

The Total VC funding (Seed, Series A, Series B+) in tech startups in 2021–2025.
(2021 - 2025)
$6.3 BN
GLOBAL AVG. $5 BN
REGIONAL AVG. $4.1 BN

TOTAL EARLY–STAGE FUNDING

The total Seed and Series A funding in tech startups in H2 2023–2025.
(H2 2023 - 2025)
$614 M
GLOBAL AVG. $554 M
REGIONAL AVG. $531 M

EXIT AMOUNT

The total value of exits from the ecosystem.
(2021 - 2025)
$9 BN
GLOBAL AVG. $7.6 BN
REGIONAL AVG. $4.3 BN

EXIT COUNT (#)

The number of exits from the ecosystem.
(2021 - 2025)
125
20
2021
31
2022
21
2023
26
2024
27
2025
GLOBAL AVG. 103
REGIONAL AVG. 136

TIME TO EXIT

The average age at the time of exit in the ecosystem in 2021–2025.
(2021 - 2025)
8.8 YEARS
GLOBAL AVG. 11.1 years
REGIONAL AVG. 11.7 YEARS

NUMBER OF UNICORNS 

The number of startups that meet our definition and have been valued at more than $1 billion and have not exited.
(ACTIVE UNICORNS)
1
GLOBAL AVG. 11
REGIONAL AVG. 6

MEDIAN SEED ROUND

The median of seed rounds in tech startups in the ecosystem in H2 2023–2025.
(H2 2023 - 2025)
$250 K
GLOBAL AVG. $1 M
REGIONAL AVG. $1 M

Median Series A Round

The median of Series A rounds in tech startups in the ecosystem in H2 2023–2025.
(H2 2023 – 2025)
$1.5 M
GLOBAL AVG. $6.2 M
REGIONAL AVG. $6.5 M

Top Funded Startups

Top startups identified based on funding amount from July 2023 to December 2025.
(H2 2023-2025)
1: Insider
2: Getir
3: Midas
4: Sipay
5: Colendi

SOFT. ENGINEER SALARY

Average software engineer salary informed by data from Glassdoor, Salary.com, and PayScale, as well as local sources when available.
(2025)
$29 K
GLOBAL AVG. $54 K
REGIONAL AVG. $58 K

Sub-Sector Strengths

Fintech
Fintech

In 2025, Fintech was the most funded vertical in Istanbul, attracting a record level of investment and securing the largest share of total capital deployed, including Midas’ $80m Series B. Türkiye’s Fintech and Gaming sectors jointly accounted for 68% of total startup funding. DCP’s exit from Burgeon marked a rare dragon exit in the Turkish ecosystem, with returns exceeding 10x the original investment. This Fintech momentum underscores the city’s ability to support complex, regulated-market solutions that appeal to both local users and global capital, anchoring the sector as a critical engine of entrepreneurial investment activity.

Gaming
Gaming

Istanbul’s Gaming sector collectively raised substantial capital in 2025, with Dream Games’ billion-dollar secondary sale contributing to its strong funding performance. In October 2025, Istanbul-based mobile game developer Cypher Games raised $30 million in a Series A funding round and Good Job Games raised $83 million in two 2025 funding rounds. This infusion of capital signals that Istanbul’s creative and technical talent is successfully translating game development expertise into investment-backed ventures, enhancing the ecosystem’s sectoral diversity and global reach.

AI, Big Data & Analytics
AI, Big Data & Analytics

AI deal count represented one out of every four investments in Türkiye in 2025, validating sustained investor interest in the city’s AI-driven business models.  In 2025, Türkiye produced three new unicorns, all within the AI sector and founded by members of the Turkish diaspora: Airalo, Periodic Labs, and Fal. The 2025 Türkiye AI Summit was held in Istanbul with 1,500+ participants. GITEX AI Türkiye will take place in Istanbul in September 2026. In 2025, Uber announced plans to invest $200 million over five years in a new AI and Smart Mobility software and technology development center in Istanbul.

Selected Startup Organizations

Startup Genome Members

MEMBER

The Istanbul Development Agency (ISTKA) operates under Türkiye’s Ministry of Industry and Technology to accelerate Istanbul’s regional development, strengthen competitiveness, and reduce socio-economic disparities. The Agency advances sustainable growth by coordinating public institutions, private sector stakeholders, universities, and civil society organizations, while administering financial support programs and technical assistance across priority sectors. Through strategic planning, project funding, and innovation-focused initiatives aligned with national development goals, İSTKA supports Istanbul’s transformation into a resilient, knowledge-driven economy. In parallel, its Corporate–Startup Collaboration Support Program promotes open innovation through 12 intermediary-led projects, enabling around 150 pilot and PoC collaborations that expand startups’ market access and accelerate private-sector innovation.

Work with us

If you are interested in working with us to drive global attention to your ecosystem, please get in touch with Marina Krizman, Director of Business Development.

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